Greetings and Bowing

Bowing is the standard greeting in Korean business culture. The depth of the bow reflects the level of respect:

1. Light bow (15°) — Casual greeting to colleagues you see regularly
2. Medium bow (30°) — First meetings, welcoming visitors
3. Deep bow (45°) — Expressing gratitude or making an apology

A handshake combined with a slight bow is common in international business settings.

Business Cards

1. The junior person offers their card first. If you are a visitor, you offer first regardless of rank.
2. Present and receive cards with both hands.
3. Read the card carefully after receiving it — do not immediately put it away.
4. Place the card on the table during the meeting, not in your pocket.
5. Never write on someone's business card in front of them.

Hierarchy and Titles

Korean workplaces are hierarchical. Age and title determine the level of formality in speech and behavior.

1. Address people by title + family name (e.g., Kim Bujang-nim / 김부장님)
2. Common titles: 사원 (staff), 대리 (assistant manager), 과장 (manager), 부장 (general manager), 이사 (director), 사장 (president)
3. Using someone's first name without permission is considered rude
4. In meetings, the most senior person usually speaks first and sits at the head of the table

Meetings

1. Arrive on time or slightly early
2. Dress formally unless told otherwise
3. Decisions often require consensus and multiple meetings — do not expect immediate answers
4. Important decisions are often made informally over dinner, not in the meeting room

Hoesik (회식) — Team Dinners

Hoesik is a team dinner, often including alcohol. It is considered an extension of work and an important bonding activity. While participation pressure has decreased in recent years, it is still common.

1. The senior person or company usually pays
2. Pour drinks for others (especially seniors) with both hands
3. Turn slightly away from seniors when drinking
4. It is increasingly acceptable to decline alcohol politely

Gift Giving

Small gifts are appreciated in business relationships, especially when visiting a company for the first time or returning from a trip. Avoid sets of 4 (the number is associated with death). Fruit sets, quality tea, and items from your home country are safe choices. Wrap neatly — presentation matters.

Business culture varies by company and industry. Startup and international company environments tend to be less formal than traditional Korean corporations.